• TCP dump
• NetFlow
• Next-gen firewall
• Traditional stateful firewall
• Application visibility and control
• Web content filtering
• Email content filtering

3.Describe the impact of these technologies on data visibility

• Access control list
• NAT/PAT
• Tunneling
• TOR
• Encryption
• P2P
• Encapsulation
• Load balancing

4.Describe the uses of these data types in security monitoring

• Full packet capture
• Session data
• Transaction data
• Statistical data
• Metadata
• Alert data

5.Describe network attacks, such as protocol-based, denial of service, distributed denial of service, and man-in-the-middle
6.Describe web application attacks, such as SQL injection, command injections, and cross-site scripting
7.Describe social engineering attacks
8.Describe endpoint-based attacks, such as buffer overflows, command and control (C2), malware, and ransomware
9.Describe evasion and obfuscation techniques, such as tunneling, encryption, and proxies
10.Describe the impact of certificates on security (includes PKI, public/private crossing the network, asymmetric/symmetric)
11.Identify the certificate components in a given scenario

• Cipher-suite
• X.509 certificates
• Key exchange
• Protocol version
• PKCS

• Host-based intrusion detection
• Antimalware and antivirus
• Host-based firewall
• Application-level listing/block listing
• Systems-based sandboxing (such as Chrome, Java, Adobe Reader)

2.Identify components of an operating system (such as Windows and Linux) in a given scenario
3.Describe the role of attribution in an investigation

• Assets
• Threat actor
• Indicators of compromise
• Indicators of attack
• Chain of custody

4.Identify type of evidence used based on provided logs

• Best evidence
• Corroborative evidence
• Indirect evidence

5.Compare tampered and untampered disk image
6.Interpret operating system, application, or command line logs to identify an event
7.Interpret the output report of a malware analysis tool (such as a detonation chamber or sandbox)

• Hashes
• URLs
• Systems, events, and networking

• Network, endpoint, and application security systems
• Agentless and agent-based protections
• Legacy antivirus and antimalware
• SIEM, SOAR, and log management

3. Describe security terms

• Threat intelligence (TI)
• Threat hunting
• Malware analysis
• Threat actor
• Run book automation (RBA)
• Reverse engineering
• Sliding window anomaly detection
• Principle of least privilege
• Zero trust
• Threat intelligence platform (TIP)

4. Compare security concepts

• Risk (risk scoring/risk weighting, risk reduction, risk assessment)
• Threat
• Vulnerability
• Exploit

5.Describe the principles of the defense-in-depth strategy
6.Compare access control models

• Discretionary access control
• Mandatory access control
• Nondiscretionary access control
• Authentication, authorization, accounting
• Rule-based access control
• Time-based access control
• Role-based access control

7.Describe terms as defined in CVSS

• Attack vector
• Attack complexity
• Privileges required
• User interaction
• Scope

8.Identify the challenges of data visibility (network, host, and cloud) in detection
9.Identify potential data loss from provided traffic profiles
10.Interpret the 5-tuple approach to isolate a compromised host in a grouped set of logs
11.Compare rule-based detection vs. behavioral and statistical detection