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Check the Available Professional-Cloud-DevOps-Engineer Exam Dumps with 166 Q’s

NEW QUESTION 34
Your company follows Site Reliability Engineering principles. You are writing a postmortem for an incident, triggered by a software change, that severely affected users. You want to prevent severe incidents from happening in the future. What should you do?

Identify engineers responsible for the incident and escalate to their senior management.

Ensure that test cases that catch errors of this type are run successfully before new software releases.

Follow up with the employees who reviewed the changes and prescribe practices they should follow in the future.

Design a policy that will require on-call teams to immediately call engineers and management to discuss a plan of action if an incident occurs.

NEW QUESTION 35
You are on-call for an infrastructure service that has a large number of dependent systems. You receive an alert indicating that the service is failing to serve most of its requests and all of its dependent systems with hundreds of thousands of users are affected. As part of your Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) incident management protocol, you declare yourself Incident Commander (IC) and pull in two experienced people from your team as Operations Lead (OLJ and Communications Lead (CL). What should you do next?

Look for ways to mitigate user impact and deploy the mitigations to production.

Contact the affected service owners and update them on the status of the incident.

Establish a communication channel where incident responders and leads can communicate with each other.

Start a postmortem, add incident information, circulate the draft internally, and ask internal stakeholders for input.

NEW QUESTION 36
You support an e-commerce application that runs on a large Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster deployed on-premises and on Google Cloud Platform. The application consists of microservices that run in containers. You want to identify containers that are using the most CPU and memory. What should you do?

Use Stackdriver Kubernetes Engine Monitoring.

Use Prometheus to collect and aggregate logs per container, and then analyze the results in Grafana.

Use the Stackdriver Monitoring API to create custom metrics, and then organize your containers using groups.

Use Stackdriver Logging to export application logs to BigOuery. aggregate logs per container, and then analyze CPU and memory consumption.

NEW QUESTION 37
You are creating and assigning action items in a postmodern for an outage. The outage is over, but you need to address the root causes. You want to ensure that your team handles the action items quickly and efficiently. How should you assign owners and collaborators to action items?

Assign one owner for each action item and any necessary collaborators.

Assign multiple owners for each item to guarantee that the team addresses items quickly

Assign collaborators but no individual owners to the items to keep the postmortem blameless.

Assign the team lead as the owner for all action items because they are in charge of the SRE team.

NEW QUESTION 38
Your company follows Site Reliability Engineering practices. You are the person in charge of Communications for a large, ongoing incident affecting your customer-facing applications. There is still no estimated time for a resolution of the outage. You are receiving emails from internal stakeholders who want updates on the outage, as well as emails from customers who want to know what is happening. You want to efficiently provide updates to everyone affected by the outage. What should you do?

Focus on responding to internal stakeholders at least every 30 minutes. Commit to “next update” times.

Provide periodic updates to all stakeholders in a timely manner. Commit to a “next update” time in all communications.

Delegate the responding to internal stakeholder emails to another member of the Incident Response Team. Focus on providing responses directly to customers.

Provide all internal stakeholder emails to the Incident Commander, and allow them to manage internal communications. Focus on providing responses directly to customers.

NEW QUESTION 39
You are deploying an application to Cloud Run. The application requires a password to start. Your organization requires that all passwords are rotated every 24 hours, and your application must have the latest password. You need to deploy the application with no downtime. What should you do?

Store the password in Secret Manager and send the secret to the application by using environment variables.

Store the password in Secret Manager and mount the secret as a volume within the application.

Use Cloud Build to add your password into the application container at build time. Ensure that Artifact Registry is secured from public access.

Store the password directly in the code. Use Cloud Build to rebuild and deploy the application each time the password changes.

The correct answer is B, Store the password in Secret Manager and mount the secret as a volume within the application.
Secret Manager is a service that allows you to securely store and manage sensitive data such as passwords, API keys, certificates, and tokens. You can use Secret Manager to rotate your secrets automatically or manually, and access them from your Cloud Run applications1.
There are two ways to use secrets from Secret Manager in Cloud Run:
As environment variables: You can set environment variables that point to secrets in Secret Manager. Cloud Run will resolve the secrets at runtime and inject them into the environment of your application. However, this method has some limitations, such as:
The environment variables are cached for up to 10 minutes, so you may not get the latest version of the secret immediately.
The environment variables are visible in plain text in the Cloud Console and the Cloud SDK, which may expose sensitive information.
The environment variables are limited to 4 KB of data, which may not be enough for some secrets.2 As file system volumes: You can mount secrets from Secret Manager as files in a volume within your application. Cloud Run will create a tmpfs volume and write the secrets as files in it. This method has some advantages, such as:
The files are updated every 30 seconds, so you can get the latest version of the secret faster.
The files are not visible in the Cloud Console or the Cloud SDK, which provides better security.
The files can store up to 64 KB of data, which allows for larger secrets.3 Therefore, for your use case, it is better to use the second method and mount the secret as a file system volume within your application. This way, you can ensure that your application has the latest password, and you can deploy it with no downtime.
To mount a secret as a file system volume in Cloud Run, you can use the following command:
gcloud beta run deploy SERVICE –image IMAGE_URL –update-secrets=/path/to/file=secretName:version where:
SERVICE is the name of your Cloud Run service.
IMAGE_URL is the URL of your container image.
/path/to/file is the path where you want to mount the secret file in your application.
secretName is the name of your secret in Secret Manager.
You can also use the Cloud Console to mount secrets as file system volumes. For more details, see Mounting secrets from Secret Manager.
Reference:
1: Overview | Secret Manager Documentation | Google Cloud
2: Using secrets as environment variables | Cloud Run Documentation | Google Cloud
3: Mounting secrets from Secret Manager | Cloud Run Documentation | Google Cloud

NEW QUESTION 40
You support a high-traffic web application that runs on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). You need to measure application reliability from a user perspective without making any engineering changes to it. What should you do?
Choose 2 answers

Review current application metrics and add new ones as needed.

Modify the code to capture additional information for user interaction.

Analyze the web proxy logs only and capture response time of each request.

Create new synthetic clients to simulate a user journey using the application.

Use current and historic Request Logs to trace customer interaction with the application.

NEW QUESTION 41
You have an application running in Google Kubernetes Engine. The application invokes multiple services per request but responds too slowly. You need to identify which downstream service or services are causing the delay. What should you do?

Analyze VPC flow logs along the path of the request.

Investigate the Liveness and Readiness probes for each service.

Create a Dataflow pipeline to analyze service metrics in real time.

Use a distributed tracing framework such as OpenTelemetry or Stackdriver Trace.

NEW QUESTION 42
Your development team has created a new version of their service’s API. You need to deploy the new versions of the API with the least disruption to third-party developers and end users of third-party installed applications. What should you do?

Introduce the new version of the API.
Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.
Deprecate the old version of the API.
Contact remaining users of the old API.
Provide best effort support to users of the old API.
Turn down the old version of the API.

Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.
Introduce the new version of the API.
Contact remaining users on the old API.
Deprecate the old version of the API.
Turn down the old version of the API.
Provide best effort support to users of the old API.

Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.
Contact remaining users on the old API.
Introduce the new version of the API.
Deprecate the old version of the API.
Provide best effort support to users of the old API.
Turn down the old version of the API.

Introduce the new version of the API.
Contact remaining users of the old API.
Announce deprecation of the old version of the API.
Deprecate the old version of the API.
Turn down the old version of the API.
Provide best effort support to users of the old API.

NEW QUESTION 43
You encountered a major service outage that affected all users of the service for multiple hours. After several hours of incident management, the service returned to normal, and user access was restored. You need to provide an incident summary to relevant stakeholders following the Site Reliability Engineering recommended practices. What should you do first?

Call individual stakeholders lo explain what happened.

Develop a post-mortem to be distributed to stakeholders.

Send the Incident State Document to all the stakeholders.

Require the engineer responsible to write an apology email to all stakeholders.

NEW QUESTION 44
You are configuring your CI/CD pipeline natively on Google Cloud. You want builds in a pre-production Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) environment to be automatically load-tested before being promoted to the production GKE environment. You need to ensure that only builds that have passed this test are deployed to production. You want to follow Google-recommended practices. How should you configure this pipeline with Binary Authorization?

Create an attestation for the builds that pass the load test by requiring the lead quality assurance engineer to sign the attestation by using a key stored in Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS).

Create an attestation for the builds that pass the load test by using a private key stored in Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS) authenticated through Workload Identity.

Create an attestation for the builds that pass the load test by using a private key stored in Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS) with a service account JSON key stored as a Kubernetes Secret.

Create an attestation for the builds that pass the load test by requiring the lead quality assurance engineer to sign the attestation by using their personal private key.

NEW QUESTION 45
You are configuring the frontend tier of an application deployed in Google Cloud The frontend tier is hosted in ngmx and deployed using a managed instance group with an Envoy-based external HTTP(S) load balancer in front The application is deployed entirely within the europe-west2 region: and only serves users based in the United Kingdom. You need to choose the most cost-effective network tier and load balancing configuration What should you use?

Premium Tier with a global load balancer

Premium Tier with a regional load balancer

Standard Tier with a global load balancer

Standard Tier with a regional load balancer

NEW QUESTION 46
You need to define Service Level Objectives (SLOs) for a high-traffic multi-region web application.
Customers expect the application to always be available and have fast response times. Customers are currently happy with the application performance and availability. Based on current measurement, you observe that the
90th percentile of latency is 120ms and the 95th percentile of latency is 275ms over a 28-day window. What latency SLO would you recommend to the team to publish?

90th percentile – 100ms
95th percentile – 250ms

90th percentile – 120ms
95th percentile – 275ms

90th percentile – 150ms
95th percentile – 300ms

90th percentile – 250ms
95th percentile – 400ms

NEW QUESTION 47
You are designing a system with three different environments: development, quality assurance (QA), and production.
Each environment will be deployed with Terraform and has a Google Kubemetes Engine (GKE) cluster created so that application teams can deploy their applications. Anthos Config Management will be used and templated to deploy infrastructure level resources in each GKE cluster. All users (for example, infrastructure operators and application owners) will use GitOps. How should you structure your source control repositories for both Infrastructure as Code (laC) and application code?

Cloud Infrastructure (Terraform) repository is shared: different directories are different environments GKE Infrastructure (Anthos Config Management Kustomize manifests) repository is shared: different overlay directories are different environments Application (app source code) repositories are separated:
different branches are different features

Cloud Infrastructure (Terraform) repository is shared: different directories are different environments GKE Infrastructure (Anthos Config Management Kustomize manifests) repositories are separated:
different branches are different environments Application (app source code) repositories are separated:
different branches are different features

Cloud Infrastructure (Terraform) repository is shared: different branches are different environments GKE Infrastructure (Anthos Config Management Kustomize manifests) repository is shared: different overlay directories are different environments Application (app source code) repository is shared:
different directories are different features

Cloud Infrastructure (Terraform) repositories are separated: different branches are different environments GKE Infrastructure (Anthos Config Management Kustomize manifests) repositories are separated: different overlay directories are different environments Application (app source code) repositories are separated: different branches are different features

Explanation
The correct answer is B. Cloud Infrastructure (Terraform) repository is shared: different directories are different environments. GKE Infrastructure (Anthos Config Management Kustomize manifests) repositories are separated: different branches are different environments. Application (app source code) repositories are separated: different branches are different features.
This answer follows the best practices for using Terraform and Anthos Config Management with GitOps, as described in the following sources:
For Terraform, it is recommended to use a single repository for all environments, and use directories to separate them. This way, you can reuse the same Terraform modules and configurations across environments, and avoid code duplication and drift. You can also use Terraform workspaces to isolate the state files for each environment12.
For Anthos Config Management, it is recommended to use separate repositories for each environment, and use branches to separate the clusters within each environment. This way, you can enforce different policies and configurations for each environment, and use pull requests to promote changes across environments. You can also use Kustomize to create overlays for each cluster that apply specific patches or customizations34.
For application code, it is recommended to use separate repositories for each application, and use branches to separate the features or bug fixes for each application. This way, you can isolate the development and testing of each application, and use pull requests to merge changes into the main branch. You can also use tags or labels to trigger deployments to different environments5 .
References:
1: Best practices for using Terraform | Google Cloud
2: Terraform Recommended Practices – Part 1 | Terraform – HashiCorp Learn
3: Deploy Anthos on GKE with Terraform part 1: GitOps with Config Sync | Google Cloud Blog
4: Using Kustomize with Anthos Config Management | Anthos Config Management Documentation | Google Cloud
5: Deploy Anthos on GKE with Terraform part 3: Continuous Delivery with Cloud Build | Google Cloud Blog GitOps-style continuous delivery with Cloud Build | Cloud Build Documentation | Google Cloud

NEW QUESTION 48
You are working with a government agency that requires you to archive application logs for seven years. You need to configure Stackdriver to export and store the logs while minimizing costs of storage. What should you do?

Create a Cloud Storage bucket and develop your application to send logs directly to the bucket.

Develop an App Engine application that pulls the logs from Stackdriver and saves them in BigQuery.

Create an export in Stackdriver and configure Cloud Pub/Sub to store logs in permanent storage for seven years.

Create a sink in Stackdriver, name it, create a bucket on Cloud Storage for storing archived logs, and then select the bucket as the log export destination.

NEW QUESTION 49
Your team is writing a postmortem after an incident on your external facing application Your team wants to improve the postmortem policy to include triggers that indicate whether an incident requires a postmortem Based on Site Reliability Engineenng (SRE) practices, what triggers should be defined in the postmortem policy?
Choose 2 answers

An external stakeholder asks for a postmortem

Data is lost due to an incident

An internal stakeholder requests a postmortem

The monitoring system detects that one of the instances for your application has failed

The CD pipeline detects an issue and rolls back a problematic release.

NEW QUESTION 50
Your company runs applications in Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Several applications rely on ephemeral volumes. You noticed some applications were unstable due to the DiskPressure node condition on the worker nodes. You need to identify which Pods are causing the issue, but you do not have execute access to workloads and nodes. What should you do?

Check the node/ephemeral_storage/used_bytes metric by using Metrics Explorer.

Check the metric by using Metrics Explorer.

Locate all the Pods with emptyDir volumes. use the df-h command to measure volume disk usage.

Locate all the Pods with emptyDir volumes. Use the du -sh * command to measure volume disk usage.

NEW QUESTION 51
You support a service with a well-defined Service Level Objective (SLO). Over the previous 6 months, your service has consistently met its SLO and customer satisfaction has been consistently high. Most of your service’s operations tasks are automated and few repetitive tasks occur frequently. You want to optimize the balance between reliability and deployment velocity while following site reliability engineering best practices. What should you do? (Choose two.)

Make the service’s SLO more strict.

Increase the service’s deployment velocity and/or risk.

Shift engineering time to other services that need more reliability.

Get the product team to prioritize reliability work over new features.

Change the implementation of your Service Level Indicators (SLIs) to increase coverage.

NEW QUESTION 52
You are running an application in a virtual machine (VM) using a custom Debian image. The image has the Stackdriver Logging agent installed. The VM has the cloud-platform scope. The application is logging information via syslog. You want to use Stackdriver Logging in the Google Cloud Platform Console to visualize the logs. You notice that syslog is not showing up in the “All logs” dropdown list of the Logs Viewer. What is the first thing you should do?

Look for the agent’s test log entry in the Logs Viewer.

Install the most recent version of the Stackdriver agent.

Verify the VM service account access scope includes the monitoring.write scope.

SSH to the VM and execute the following commands on your VM: ps ax I grep fluentd

NEW QUESTION 53
You are using Stackdriver to monitor applications hosted on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). You recently deployed a new application, but its logs are not appearing on the Stackdriver dashboard.
You need to troubleshoot the issue. What should you do?

Confirm that the Stackdriver agent has been installed in the hosting virtual machine.

Confirm that your account has the proper permissions to use the Stackdriver dashboard.

Confirm that port 25 has been opened in the firewall to allow messages through to Stackdriver.

Confirm that the application is using the required client library and the service account key has proper permissions.

NEW QUESTION 54
You support an e-commerce application that runs on a large Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster deployed on-premises and on Google Cloud Platform. The application consists of microservices that run in containers. You want to identify containers that are using the most CPU and memory. What should you do?

Use Stackdriver Kubernetes Engine Monitoring.

Use Prometheus to collect and aggregate logs per container, and then analyze the results in Grafana.

Use the Stackdriver Monitoring API to create custom metrics, and then organize your containers using groups.

Use Stackdriver Logging to export application logs to BigOuery. aggregate logs per container, and then analyze CPU and memory consumption.

NEW QUESTION 55
Your organization recently adopted a container-based workflow for application development. Your team develops numerous applications that are deployed continuously through an automated build pipeline to a Kubernetes cluster in the production environment. The security auditor is concerned that developers or operators could circumvent automated testing and push code changes to production without approval. What should you do to enforce approvals?

Configure the build system with protected branches that require pull request approval.

Use an Admission Controller to verify that incoming requests originate from approved sources.

Leverage Kubernetes Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to restrict access to only approved users.

Enable binary authorization inside the Kubernetes cluster and configure the build pipeline as an attestor.

NEW QUESTION 56
You are running an application on Compute Engine and collecting logs through Stackdriver. You discover that some personally identifiable information (Pll) is leaking into certain log entry fields. All Pll entries begin with the text userinfo. You want to capture these log entries in a secure location for later review and prevent them from leaking to Stackdriver Logging. What should you do?

Create a basic log filter matching userinfo, and then configure a log export in the Stackdriver console with Cloud Storage as a sink.

Use a Fluentd filter plugin with the Stackdriver Agent to remove log entries containing userinfo, and then copy the entries to a Cloud Storage bucket.

Create an advanced log filter matching userinfo, configure a log export in the Stackdriver console with Cloud Storage as a sink, and then configure a tog exclusion with userinfo as a filter.

Use a Fluentd filter plugin with the Stackdriver Agent to remove log entries containing userinfo, create an advanced log filter matching userinfo, and then configure a log export in the Stackdriver console with Cloud Storage as a sink.

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